United States

监管机构官网

• FinCENFinancial Crimes Enforcement Network (US)
• State regulators (NMLS)US state banking departments, via NMLS
• OCCOffice of the Comptroller of the Currency (US)
• Federal ReserveBoard of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)
• CFPBConsumer Financial Protection Bureau (US)

• Money Services Business registrationMSBFederal registration with FinCEN for money transmission, currency exchange, money orders and prepaid access.

  允许开展的业务

  Money transmission, currency dealing/exchange, money orders, traveller’s cheques and prepaid access, as defined in the BSA.

  典型持牌主体

  Money transmitters, foreign-exchange desks, prepaid-access providers that operate in the United States.

  申请路径

  Register with FinCEN (and keep the registration current). This is a federal registration, not a substitute for state MTL.

  重要限制

  Does not authorise taking deposits. State money-transmitter licences are still required in each state of operation.

  Money transfer & remittance官方来源
• State money transmitter licenceMTLLicensed in each state where you transmit money — usually with surety bonds and minimum net-worth tests.

  允许开展的业务

  Transmitting money for customers in that state (definitions vary by statute).

  典型持牌主体

  Remittance firms, payout platforms and wallet operators serving US residents.

  申请路径

  File through NMLS with each state banking department. Bonds, net worth and resident-agent rules are set state by state.

  重要限制

  A licence in one state does not passport into another. Unlicensed transmission is typically a criminal offence.

  Money transfer & remittance官方来源
• National bank or trust charterNational charterA federal charter that lets a fintech hold deposits and settle payments without a state-by-state patchwork.Banking & deposit-taking官方来源
• State bank or trust charterState charterDeposit-taking under a state charter, supervised by the state and a federal regulator.Banking & deposit-taking官方来源
• Remittance Transfer RuleRemittance ruleDisclosure, cancellation and error-resolution duties for cross-border remittances — a compliance regime, not a licence.Payment institution / PSP官方来源

人工挑选的示例，便于对照制度；不是完整登记册。

• AdyenHolds a Dutch banking licence, so it settles as a bank in Europe and licenses locally elsewhere.BankingMTLEMIAFSLMPISVFIP持牌地European Union / EEAUnited StatesUnited KingdomAustraliaSingaporeHong Kong, ChinaBrazilUnited Arab Emirates
• AirwallexCross-border accounts, cards and acquiring with one of the widest licence footprints in APAC.AFSLAPIEMISVFMPIMSB持牌地AustraliaUnited KingdomHong Kong, ChinaSingaporeUnited StatesMalaysiaNew ZealandChina (mainland)
• Block (Square)Merchant acquiring and Cash App, licensed state by state and in each international market.MTLMSBEMIAFSL持牌地United StatesCanadaUnited KingdomAustraliaJapanEuropean Union / EEA
• Checkout.comEnterprise acquiring with local acquiring licences across four regions.APIEMIMTLMPISVF持牌地United KingdomEuropean Union / EEAUnited StatesUnited Arab EmiratesSingaporeHong Kong, ChinaAustraliaJapan
• CircleStablecoin issuer holding US money transmitter licences and an EU e-money licence.MSBMTLEMIMPI持牌地United StatesEuropean Union / EEAFRSingapore
• CoinbaseCrypto exchange and custody with licences across the US, EU and Asia-Pacific.MSBMTLEMICASPMPI持牌地United StatesEuropean Union / EEAUnited KingdomDESingaporeAustralia
• FiservMerchant acquiring and issuer processing at scale.MTLEMI持牌地United StatesUnited KingdomEuropean Union / EEA
• FlutterwaveAfrican payments infrastructure with licences across the continent and in the UK/US.PSSPMMOPSPEMIMSB持牌地NigeriaKenyaGhanaSouth AfricaEgyptUnited KingdomUnited StatesCanada
• GoCardlessBank payments and open banking with licences in Europe, Australia and the US.EMIAPIAFSLMTL持牌地United KingdomAustraliaUnited StatesEuropean Union / EEA
• KlarnaBuy-now-pay-later backed by a Swedish banking licence.BankingEMI持牌地European Union / EEAUnited KingdomUnited StatesAustralia
• MarqetaModern card issuing platform — licensed where it issues and settles.MTLEMI持牌地United StatesUnited KingdomAustraliaSingapore
• NiumReal-time cross-border payments and card issuance for banks and businesses.MPIEMIAPIMTLAFSL持牌地SingaporeUnited KingdomUnited StatesAustraliaHong Kong, ChinaIndiaMalaysia
• NuveiPayment technology and acquiring with local licences across its footprint.MSBMTLEMIMPIAFSL持牌地CanadaUnited StatesUnited KingdomEuropean Union / EEASingaporeAustralia
• PayoneerCross-border payouts and receivables for marketplaces and SMBs.MSBMTLEMIAPISVFAFSL持牌地United StatesUnited KingdomEuropean Union / EEAHong Kong, ChinaAustraliaSingaporeIndia
• PayPalRuns a Luxembourg banking licence alongside US state money transmitter licences.BankingMTLEMIAFSL持牌地United StatesEuropean Union / EEAUnited KingdomAustraliaSingapore
• PaysafeWallets and processing under UK and EU e-money licences plus US registrations.EMIAPIMTLMSB持牌地United KingdomUnited StatesCanadaEuropean Union / EEA
• PPROLocal payment methods platform for PSPs and merchants.EMIMTLMPI持牌地United KingdomEuropean Union / EEAUnited StatesSingaporeBrazilMexico
• RapydFintech-as-a-service with licensed entities across Europe, the US and Asia-Pacific.EMIAPIMTLMPI持牌地United KingdomIsraelUnited StatesSingaporeMexicoBrazil
• RemitlyDigital remittance with money transmitter licences in its send markets.MSBMTLAPIEMIAFSL持牌地United StatesCanadaUnited KingdomAustralia
• RevolutEMI plus a banking licence in Lithuania; separate licences in each expansion market.BankingEMIAPIMTLMPIAFSL持牌地European Union / EEAUnited KingdomUnited StatesSingaporeAustraliaJapanMexicoBrazilIndia
• RippleCross-border settlement infrastructure with money transmitter and e-money authorisations.MSBMTLEMIMPI持牌地United StatesEuropean Union / EEAUnited KingdomSingapore
• StripeGlobal acquiring, payouts and issuing; licensed separately in each market it settles in.MSBMTLEMIAPIMPIAFSL持牌地United StatesEuropean Union / EEAUnited KingdomSingaporeAustraliaJapan
• ThunesCross-border payout network connecting wallets, banks and mobile money.MPIAPIMTL持牌地SingaporeUnited KingdomUnited States
• WiseCross-border accounts and transfers, licensed market by market.EMIMTLMPIAFSL持牌地United KingdomEuropean Union / EEAUnited StatesSingaporeAustraliaJapanMalaysia

大区

• Canada
• Mexico